{"id":9486,"date":"2023-08-29T14:24:34","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T12:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eskills.org.mt\/article\/hiliet-digitali-adeep-dive\/"},"modified":"2024-06-10T11:20:28","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T09:20:28","slug":"hiliet-digitali-adeep-dive","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/mt\/article\/hiliet-digitali-adeep-dive\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive"},"content":{"rendered":"

Id-dinja di\u0121itali di\u0121\u00e0 tg\u0127addi minn bosta aspetti tal-\u0127ajja tag\u0127na ta\u2019 kuljum. A\u0127na nu\u017caw magni tat-tiftix biex insiru nafu r-ri\u017cultat ta\u2019 partita tal-futbol, \u200b\u200bnimmani\u0121\u0121jaw it-trasferimenti tal-flus tag\u0127na permezz ta\u2019 apps bankarji onlajn, in\u0127allsu t-taxxi tag\u0127na permezz tal-portali tal-web tal-gvernijiet, nibbukkjaw titjiriet jew akkomodazzjoni f\u2019portali tal-web tal-ivvja\u0121\u0121ar, nu\u017caw softwer tal-messa\u0121\u0121i biex nitkellmu mal-\u0127bieb u naqsmu. ritratti u vidjows. U ma nkunu nistg\u0127u nag\u0127mlu ebda wa\u0127da minn dawk l-affarijiet ming\u0127ajr \u0127iliet di\u0121itali. Il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali ba\u017ci\u010bi, fl-essenza tag\u0127hom stess, huma pass kru\u010bjali lejn it-tag\u0127lim ta\u2019 \u0127afna affarijiet \u0121odda o\u0127ra \u2013 u l-mira og\u0127la, g\u0127al g\u0127arfien \u0121did. Huma jag\u0127tu fidu\u010bja biex ju\u017caw it-teknolo\u0121ija g\u0127ax-xog\u0127ol, it-tag\u0127lim u l-\u0127ajja ta\u2019 kuljum.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dwar l-awtur<\/strong>
\nLuis has a BSc and MSc in Informatics from the Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM) since 1989. Huwa kiseb il-PhD b’premju straordinarju mill-Universit\u00e0 tal-Pajji\u017c Bask fl-1997. Huwa serva b\u0127ala professur asso\u010bjat interim fl-UPM (1989-1996), professur aggregat u kap tad-dipartiment fl-Universidad Europea de Madrid (1996-2008) u professur asso\u010bjat fl-Universidad de Alcal\u00e1 (mill-2008). Huwa kien il-Kap E\u017cekuttiv ta’ SME orjentata lejn is-servizzi tal-ICT (2002-2006) u a\u0121ixxa b\u0127ala konsulent freelancer g\u0127al kumpaniji kbar. Luis kien membru tal-bord tas-CEPIS (2011-13, 2016-2020), u mill-2022 huwa l-president tas-CEPIS. Matul is-snin, huwa g\u0127en biex jifforma l-i\u017cvilupp ta\u2019 oqfsa ta\u2019 referenza tal-UE g\u0127all-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali u l-impjiegi. Luis has actively contributed as an official expert to the development of the three main references in the area: the ESCO labour classification for ICT services, the European standard of e-competences for ICT professionals EN6234-1:2019 and DigComp, the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens.<\/p>\n

Introduzzjoni<\/strong>
\nJekk nag\u0127tu \u0127arsa lejn ix-xejriet tas-suq tax-xog\u0127ol, nistg\u0127u naraw li t-tran\u017cizzjoni di\u0121itali ressqet \u0127ti\u0121ijiet spe\u010bifi\u010bi u ttrasformat \u0127afna impjiegi u kompiti. Il-bi\u010b\u010ba l-kbira tal-impjiegi llum je\u0127tie\u0121u \u010bertu livell ta\u2019 \u0127iliet di\u0121itali, inklu\u017ci anke dawk li ma jitolbux livelli g\u0127oljin ta\u2019 kwalifiki jew esperjenza – b\u0127al xog\u0127ol f\u2019ma\u0127\u017cen jew b\u0127ala assistent tal-\u0127anut, verifika tal-istokk u inventarju. Dejjem aktar, ix-xog\u0127ol ta\u2019 spe\u010bjalisti o\u0127ra bi kwalifiki og\u0127la fid-dixxiplini rispettivi tag\u0127hom, issa jiddependi wkoll fuq il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali: il-bijolo\u0121isti je\u0127tie\u0121 li ja\u0127dmu ma\u2019 rappre\u017centazzjonijiet di\u0121itali 3D kumplessi ta\u2019 strutturi ta\u2019 molekuli, l-avukati issa jikkonsultaw databases \u0121uridi\u010bi kbar biex jistudjaw il-pre\u010bedenti u l-aspetti kollha tal-le\u0121i\u017clazzjoni. .<\/p>\n

Il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali issa huma me\u0127tie\u0121a fil-bi\u010b\u010ba l-kbira tal-impjiegi: u \u0127iliet di\u0121itali spe\u010bifi\u010bi qed jinfirxu wkoll fil-professjonijiet tradizzjonali fi gradi differenti. A\u0127seb fit-tobba, li ja\u0127dmu bl-a\u0127\u0127ar teknolo\u0121ija robotika biex iwettqu kirur\u0121iji kumplessi (\u0127iliet aktar spe\u010bjalizzati), impjegati tal-manifattura li ju\u017caw robots industrijali biex i\u0127affu l-pro\u010bessi (livelli differenti skont il-funzjoni tal-impjegat), jew g\u0127alliema li jintrodu\u010bu teknolo\u0121iji di\u0121itali u emer\u0121enti fit-tag\u0127lim. u t-tag\u0127lim. Fl-Ewropa, 54 % biss tan-nies g\u0127andhom il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali me\u0127tie\u0121a g\u0127ad-dinja di\u0121itali li ng\u0127ixu fiha (Kummissjoni Ewropea, DESI 2022). Fl-2021, 1 minn kull 6 Ewropej ta’ bejn is-16 u l-74 ma kellhom l-ebda \u0127iliet di\u0121itali u 1 minn kull 4 minn dak il-grupp kellu biss livell baxx ta’ \u0127iliet di\u0121itali. Dan naturalment i\u0121ib sfidi lis-suq tax-xog\u0127ol, min\u0127abba l-\u0127tie\u0121a g\u0127al xi kompetenza di\u0121itali bejn ir-rwoli u l-okkupazzjonijiet. Madankollu, id-DESI 2022 juri li madwar 35 % ta\u010b-\u010bittadini Ewropej g\u0127adhom nieqsa minn dawn il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali ba\u017ci\u010bi \u2013 li jfisser li huma essenzjalment esklu\u017ci mis-suq tax-xog\u0127ol, u l-opportunitajiet li jsiru possibbli mit-teknolo\u0121iji di\u0121itali. Dan huwa kkombinat ma ‘diffikultajiet biex jinstab u jattira talent di\u0121itali, li jag\u0127milha sa\u0127ansitra aktar diffi\u010bli biex tirrispondi g\u0127all-\u0127ti\u0121ijiet tal-industrija. Aktar minn nofs il-kumpaniji fl-Ewropa jirrapportaw diffikultajiet kbar fir-rekluta\u0121\u0121 ta’ spe\u010bjalisti tal-ICT (\u010aentru Kon\u0121unt tar-Ri\u010berka, Kummissjoni Ewropea, 2019), u l-SMEs b’mod partikolari, g\u0127adhom lura meta mqabbla mal-kontropartijiet akbar tag\u0127hom fit-ta\u0127ri\u0121 u t-titjib tal-\u0127iliet min\u0127abba ri\u017corsi limitati (finanzjarji, persunal, e\u010b\u010b) . Data simili \u0121iet imxerrda mill-Koalizzjoni tal-\u0126iliet u l-Impjiegi Di\u0121itali, s\u0127ubija ta\u2019 organizzazzjonijiet mis-setturi pubbli\u010bi, privati \u200b\u200bu ming\u0127ajr skop ta\u2019 qlig\u0127 li ta\u0127dem biex tindirizza n-nuqqas ta\u2019 \u0127iliet di\u0121itali madwar l-Ewropa.<\/p>\n

U jekk irridu nag\u0127tu \u0127arsa aktar mill-qrib lejn il-qag\u0127da tas-suq tax-xog\u0127ol fl-Ewropa, id-dejta u l-informazzjoni disponibbli jindikaw il-\u0127tie\u0121a g\u0127al spinta ur\u0121enti biex ji\u0121u \u017cviluppati l-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali ta\u010b-\u010bittadini tal-UE u jsiru tajbin g\u0127ax-xog\u0127ol. Dejta mis-CEDEFOP (l-A\u0121enzija tal-UE g\u0127all-I\u017cvilupp tal-Edukazzjoni u t-Ta\u0127ri\u0121 Vokazzjonali Ewropej) turi l-importanza tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali g\u0127all-impjiegi. Fl-2015, 71 % tal-impjegati tal-UE \u0127asbu li kien me\u0127tie\u0121 xi livell fundamentali ta\u2019 \u0127iliet di\u0121itali biex iwettqu xog\u0127olhom. Dejta aktar re\u010benti dwar il-\u0127iliet li jitolbu min i\u0127addem, ibba\u017cata fuq miljuni ta\u2019 Reklami ta\u2019 Xog\u0127ol Online (OJAs) fi 28 pajji\u017c Ewropew, estratta mill-g\u0127odda OVATE ta\u2019 CEDEFOP turi li l-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali jissemmew b\u2019mod espli\u010bitu minn min i\u0127addem (e\u017c., \u201c\u0126idma mal-kompjuters\u201d kienet rekwi\u017cit fi kwa\u017ci 40 % tal-OJAs kollha fis-setturi). \u0126afna OJAs o\u0127ra sempli\u010bement jassumu li l-kandidati g\u0127andhom \u0127iliet b\u0127al dawn.<\/p>\n

Il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali huma rilevanti u me\u0127tie\u0121a, u t-tfassil tal-politika tal-UE pprova jirrifletti dan. Fl-2018, il-Kunsill tal-Unjoni Ewropea adotta rakkomandazzjoni dwar 8 kompetenzi ewlenin biex jappo\u0121\u0121jaw lill-Ewropej biex jiksbu l-\u0127iliet u l-kompetenzi me\u0127tie\u0121a g\u0127at-twettiq u l-benessri personali, l-impjegabbilt\u00e0, u l-inklu\u017cjoni so\u010bjali. Dan jenfasizza wkoll l-isforzi li saru f’politiki ta’ ta\u0127ri\u0121 mill-\u0121did u titjib tal-\u0127iliet dwar il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali: fl-2018, aktar minn nofs l-Ewropej kellhom nuqqas ta’ \u0127iliet di\u0121itali. Fl-2021, 54 % tan-nies ta\u2019 bejn 16 u 74 sena kellhom mill-inqas livell ba\u017ciku ta\u2019 \u0127iliet di\u0121itali (DESI 2022).<\/p>\n

Definizzjonijiet ba\u017ci\u010bi g\u0127all-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali<\/strong>
\nQabel ma ji\u0121u definiti l-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali huwa rilevanti li l-ewwel ji\u0121u \u010b\u010barati xi termini aktar \u0121enerali. Dawn it-termini huma: “kompetenza”, “\u0127iliet”, “g\u0127arfien”, u “attitudni”. (Kummissjoni Ewropea, 2019) u applikaw g\u0127ar-referenza ewlenija tal-UE dwar il-kompetenza di\u0121itali, DigComp<\/a> (issa fl-edizzjoni 2.2 tieg\u0127u), li se nitkellmu dwarha aktar ‘il quddiem.<\/p>\n

Il-kompetenza hija l-abbilt\u00e0 murija li tapplika l-g\u0127arfien, il-\u0127iliet, u l-attitudnijiet biex jinkisbu ri\u017cultati osservabbli. Pere\u017cempju, il-kompetenza \u201cIpprogrammar\u201d tista\u2019 ti\u0121i deskritta b\u0127ala \u201cBiex tippjana u ti\u017cviluppa sekwenza ta\u2019 struzzjonijiet li jinftiehmu g\u0127al sistema tal-kompjuter biex issolvi problema partikolari jew biex twettaq kompitu spe\u010bifiku\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0126ila hija l-abbilt\u00e0 li twettaq pro\u010bessi u tu\u017ca l-g\u0127arfien e\u017cistenti biex tikseb ri\u017cultati: e\u017c., \u201cKapa\u010bit\u00e0 li tivverifika u timmodifika x\u2019tip ta\u2019 metadata (e\u017c., post, \u0127in) hija inklu\u017ca fl-istampi li qed ji\u0121u kondivi\u017ci sabiex tipprote\u0121i l-privatezza\u201d.<\/p>\n

L-g\u0127arfien huwa mag\u0127mul minn kun\u010betti, fatti u figuri, ideat u teoriji li huma di\u0121\u00e0 stabbiliti, u jappo\u0121\u0121aw il-fehim ta\u2019 \u010bertu qasam jew su\u0121\u0121ett: e\u017c., \u201cJaf il-funzjonijiet ewlenin tal-aktar apparat di\u0121itali komuni (e\u017c. kompjuter, tablet, smartphone. )\u201d.<\/p>\n

L-attitudnijiet jiddeskrivu d-dispo\u017cizzjoni u l-mentalit\u00e0 biex ja\u0121ixxu jew jirrea\u0121ixxu g\u0127al ideat, persuni, jew sitwazzjonijiet: e\u017c., “Miftu\u0127a lejn il-qsim ta’ kontenut di\u0121itali li jista’ jkun interessanti u utli g\u0127al \u0127addie\u0127or”.<\/p>\n

Ara l-infografika tag\u0127na hawn ta\u0127t g\u0127al illustrazzjoni ta\u2019 dan.<\/p>\n

\"\u0126iliet_di\u0121itali_1_2\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Wasal g\u0127al definizzjoni tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali<\/strong>
\nL-Istitut g\u0127all-Istatistika tal-UNESCO (2009)<\/a> jiddefinixxi l-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali b\u0127ala \u201cfirxa ta\u2019 abbiltajiet biex tu\u017ca apparat di\u0121itali, applikazzjonijiet ta\u2019 komunikazzjoni, u netwerks g\u0127all-a\u010b\u010bess u l-\u0121estjoni tal-informazzjoni\u201d. Dawn l-abbiltajiet jag\u0127mlu possibbli l-\u0127olqien u l-qsim ta\u2019 kontenut di\u0121itali, il-komunikazzjoni, u l-kollaborazzjoni ma\u2019 o\u0127rajn, is-soluzzjoni ta\u2019 problemi, u s-sejba ta\u2019 opportunitajiet kreattivi. Bl-istess mod, ir-Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill dwar il-Kompetenzi Ewlenin g\u0127at-Tag\u0127lim Tul il-\u0126ajja<\/a> ddefiniet il-kompetenza di\u0121itali b\u0127ala ‘l-u\u017cu kunfidenti, kritiku u responsabbli ta’, u l-impenn mag\u0127hom, teknolo\u0121iji di\u0121itali g\u0127at-tag\u0127lim, fuq ix-xog\u0127ol, u g\u0127all-parte\u010bipazzjoni fis-so\u010bjet\u00e0. Hija definita b\u0127ala ta\u0127lita ta’ g\u0127arfien, \u0127iliet, u attitudnijiet\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hemm rabta qawwija bejn il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali u l-kompetenzi ewlenin li jippermettu t-tag\u0127lim tul il-\u0127ajja. I\u010b-\u010bittadini Ewropej g\u0127andhom ikunu mg\u0127ammra b\u2019\u0127iliet ewlenin, me\u0127tie\u0121a g\u0127al dinja dejjem aktar di\u0121itali: b\u0127all-abbilt\u00e0 li jiffiltraw, ju\u017caw, ja\u010b\u010bessaw jew jimmani\u0121\u0121jaw data privata, informazzjoni personali, il-footprint di\u0121itali ta\u2019 wie\u0127ed, jibqg\u0127u sikuri online u ju\u017caw b\u2019mod effettiv teknolo\u0121iji b\u0127all-AI u softwer ie\u0127or. . In-nies g\u0127andhom ukoll ‘jkunu kapa\u010bi ju\u017caw it-teknolo\u0121iji di\u0121itali biex jappo\u0121\u0121jaw i\u010b-\u010bittadinanza attiva u l-inklu\u017cjoni so\u010bjali tag\u0127hom, il-kollaborazzjoni ma’ o\u0127rajn, u l-kreattivit\u00e0 lejn g\u0127anijiet personali, so\u010bjali jew kummer\u010bjali’ (Kummissjoni Ewropea, 2019).<\/a><\/p>\n

Dan il-kun\u010bett ta’ \u0127iliet di\u0121itali huwa aktar ikkon\u010bernat ma\u010b-\u010bittadini Ewropej b’mod \u0121enerali, aktar milli l-\u0127iliet spe\u010bjalizzati g\u0127all-professjonisti tal-ICT. Il-qafas tal-UE g\u0127all-kompetenza di\u0121itali ta\u010b-\u010bittadini (DigComp), li se n\u0127arsu aktar fid-dettall aktar tard, fih deskrizzjoni \u0121enerali tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali li \u010b-\u010bittadini je\u0127tie\u0121u biex jibqg\u0127u kompetittivi fis-suq tax-xog\u0127ol, jisso\u010bjalizzaw, jixtru, u jitg\u0127allmu fid-dinja di\u0121itali tal-lum.<\/p>\n

Kategoriji u livelli ta’ \u0127iliet di\u0121itali<\/strong>
\nHemm \u017cew\u0121 kategoriji ewlenin ta\u2019 \u0127iliet di\u0121itali hemmhekk:<\/p>\n

dawk \u0121enerali applikabbli g\u0127all-kuntest komuni tal-\u0127ajja u tax-xog\u0127ol, u
\ndawk professjonali g\u0127all-esperti tal-ICT.
\nFil-ka\u017c tal-oqfsa komuni tal-UE tal-Kategorija A (in-nies in\u0121enerali) b\u0127ad-DigComp ikopru firxa ta \u2019livelli ta\u2019 \u0127iliet di\u0121itali minn ba\u017ci\u010bi g\u0127al spe\u010bjalizzati \u0127afna, u g\u0127alhekk l-ispettru ta \u2019\u0127iliet di\u0121itali \u0121enerali jista\u2019 jkun wiesa \u2019u varjat. Dawn ivarjaw minn livell verament fundazzjonali b\u0127al (e\u017c., sempli\u010bi u\u017cu ta \u2019PC, tablet jew apparat mobbli g\u0127all-posta elettronika jew ibbraw\u017cjar fuq l-internet) sa xi u\u017cu moderat tal-ICT (b\u0127all-produttivita\u2019 u g\u0127odod tal-uffi\u010b\u010bju b\u0127all-word-processing, il-\u0127olqien ta \u2019dokumenti u\/jew spreadsheets) u xi \u0127iliet avvanzati tal-ICT (b\u0127all-\u0127ila inizjali li ji\u0121u \u017cviluppati applikazzjonijiet jew programmazzjoni jew li jintu\u017caw pakketti sofistikati ta\u2019 anali\u017ci statistika tal-kompjuter). DigComp jiddefinixxi 4 saffi ta \u2019profi\u010bjenza b\u0127al fondazzjoni, intermedja, avvanzata, u spe\u010bjalizzata \u0127afna.<\/p>\n

\u2019Il fuq minn dawk il-livelli ta\u2019 \u0127iliet di\u0121itali \u0121enerali, nistg\u0127u nsibu \u0127iliet spe\u010bifi\u010bi g\u0127al dawk fil-professjoni tal-ICT b\u0127all-u\u017cu ta \u2019mudelli ta\u2019 disinn ta \u2019softwer jew id-definizzjoni ta\u2019 regoli tal-firewall. Hemm limitu tenut u fuzzy, verament diffi\u010bli biex ji\u0121i definit b \u2019mod strett, bejn il-livelli superjuri tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali ta\u2019 dawk li mhumiex ikkwalifikati spe\u010bifikament b\u0127ala professjonisti tal-ICT u l-livelli ba\u017ci\u010bi ta \u2019\u0127iliet ta\u2019 dawk fil-qasam professjonali tat-teknolo\u0121ija. G\u0127add \u0121mielu ta \u2019\u0127iliet f\u2019 dak il-limitu bejn il-kompetenza di\u0121itali \u0121enerali u l-professjonali\u017cmu tal-ICT spiss jinsabu fil-kuntest ta \u2019impjiegi di\u0121itali ibridi b\u0127all-e\u017caminatur tal-konformita di\u0121itali. L-istandard EN16234-1:2019 (CEN, 2019), mag\u0127ruf b\u0127ala l-Qafas ta \u2019kompetenza elettronika, jiddefinixxi 41 kompetenza elettronika, g\u0127exieren ta\u2019 e\u017cempji ta \u2019\u0127iliet spe\u010bjalizzati \u0127afna g\u0127alihom u sa \u0127ames livelli ta\u2019 profi\u010bjenza, li huma fil-bi\u010b\u010ba l-kbira og\u0127la mit-tmien livelli definiti mid-DigComp g\u0127a\u010b-\u010bittadini \u0121enerali. Livell 1, l-aktar livell baxx ta \u2019EN16234 jirreferi g\u0127all-aktar \u0127iliet professjonali ba\u017ci\u010bi fejn il-prattikanti jsegwu l-aktar pro\u010beduri definiti sew f\u2019 sitwazzjonijiet strutturati: b\u0127al fil-ka\u017c tat-twettiq ta \u2019testijiet sempli\u010bi tal-applikazzjonijiet jew l-a\u0121ir b\u2019 konformita stretta mal-istruzzjonijiet dettaljati.<\/p>\n

Il-kategoriji u l-livelli tal-\u0127iliet u l-kompetenzi di\u0121itali jistg\u0127u ji\u0121u kkumplimentati wkoll b\u2019 azzjoni politika simplifikata u effettiva. Pere\u017cempju, il-Koalizzjoni tal-\u0127iliet u l-Impjiegi di\u0121itali tal-UE ssemmi dawn li \u0121ejjin:<\/p>\n

\u0126iliet di\u0121itali g\u0127al kul\u0127add, biex i\u010b-\u010bittadini kollha jkunu jistg\u0127u jkunu attivi fis-so\u010bjeta di\u0121itali tag\u0127na.
\n\u0126iliet di\u0121itali g\u0127all-forza tax-xog\u0127ol g\u0127all-ekonomija di\u0121itali.
\n\u0126iliet di\u0121itali g\u0127all-professjonisti tal-ICT u esperti di\u0121itali o\u0127ra, fis-setturi kollha tal-industrija
\n\u0126iliet di\u0121itali fl-edukazzjoni, g\u0127at-tag\u0127lim u t-tag\u0127lim ta \u2019\u0127iliet di\u0121itali f\u2019 perspettiva ta \u2019tag\u0127lim tul il-\u0127ajja, inklu\u017c it-ta\u0127ri\u0121 tal-g\u0127alliema.<\/p>\n

L-importanza tat-terminolo\u0121ija u l-oqfsa<\/strong>
\nKif kien il-ka\u017c tal-impjiegi di\u0121itali, l-interess fil-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali ppermetta perjodu prolifiku ta \u2019inizjattivi u proposti ta\u2019 mudelli u g\u0127a\u017cliet ta \u2019ta\u0127ri\u0121. L-i\u017cvilupp rapidu u l-g\u0127add kbir ta \u2019g\u0127a\u017cliet xi drabi fixklu l-a\u0127jar fehim mill-pubbliku \u0121enerali, minn dawk li jfasslu l-politika, minn min i\u0127addem, mill-professjonisti relatati mal-edukazzjoni u t-ta\u0127ri\u0121, e\u010b\u010b. Din is-sitwazzjoni g\u0127andha xebh qawwi max-xenarju g\u0127at-ta\u0127ri\u0121 u \u010b-\u010bertifikazzjoni f \u2019lingwi barranin fl-Ewropa qabel ma l-Qafas Komuni Ewropew ta\u2019 referenza g\u0127al-lingwi (CEFRL) \u0121ie ppubblikat g\u0127all-ewwel darba lura fl-2001. Qabel it-twelid tal-qafas, id-definizzjoni ta \u2019kompetenza f\u2019 lingwa barranija kienet so\u0121\u0121etta g\u0127al g\u0127a\u017cla mhux \u010bara ta \u2019\u010bertifikati e\u017cistenti minn sistemi differenti, u b\u2019 hekk kien diffi\u010bli li wie\u0127ed iqabbel il-kisba tan-nies fil-lingwi.<\/p>\n

Fortunatament, l-UE \u017cviluppat Qafas ta \u2019kompetenza di\u0121itali g\u0127a\u010b-\u010bittadin (DigComp) biex ta\u0121ixxi bl-istess mod kif g\u0127amel CEFRL fil-passat g\u0127al-lingwi. DigComp jipprovdi fehim komuni ta \u2019x\u2019 inhi l-kompetenza di\u0121itali: Il-ver\u017cjoni 2.2 (Vuorikari et al., 2022) \u0121iet ippubblikata f\u2019 Marzu 2022. Kif iddikjarat fil-qafas, il-mudell ikopri livelli differenti ta \u2019kompetenza di\u0121itali g\u0127a\u010b-\u010bittadini b\u2019 \u0127ames oqsma ta \u2019kompetenza (l-informazzjoni u l-litteri\u017cmu fid-data, il-Komunikazzjoni u l-kollaborazzjoni, il-\u0127olqien tal-kontenut di\u0121itali, is-Sikurezza, u s-soluzzjoni tal-problemi); u 21 kompetenza spe\u010bifika, li kull wa\u0127da minnhom deskritta fi 8 livelli ta\u2019 profi\u010bjenza (ara l-Figura 1. Struttura tal-kompetenzi oqsma u kompetenzi fid-DigComp hawn ta\u0127t). Il-livelli jvarjaw minn \u201cFondazzjoni\u201d b\u0127ala tikketta g\u0127al-livelli 1 u 2 sa \u201cspe\u010bjalizzata \u0127afna\u201d g\u0127al-livelli 7 u 8.<\/p>\n

Il-livell l-aktar g\u0127oli huwa simili g\u0127al dak me\u0127tie\u0121 g\u0127all-professjonisti f\u2019 impjiegi ibridi jew, f \u2019xi ka\u017cijiet, g\u0127al impjiegi intensivi fl-ICT. L-a\u0127\u0127ar ver\u017cjoni 2.2 tad-DigComp tista \u2019ttejjeb l-omo\u0121enita fl-interpretazzjoni tal-kompetenzi bis-sa\u0127\u0127a tas-sett estensiv ta\u2019 250 e\u017cempju. Dawn li \u0121ejjin huma e\u017cempji ta \u2019g\u0127arfien, \u0127iliet, u attitudnijiet g\u0127al u\u0127ud mill-kompetenzi deskritti fid-DigComp:<\/p>\n

\u017bona 1. Il-litteri\u017cmu fl-informazzjoni u d-dejta
\nKompetenza 1.2 evalwazzjoni u kontenut di\u0121itali, g\u0127arfien
\nE\u017cempju 19: \u201ckonxju ta \u2019pre\u0121udizzji potenzjali ta\u2019 informazzjoni kkaw\u017cati minn diversi fatturi (e\u017c., data, algoritmi, g\u0127a\u017cliet editorjali, \u010bensura, il-limitazzjonijiet personali ta \u2019dak li jkun)\u201d
\n\u017bona 2. Komunikazzjoni u kollaborazzjoni
\nKompetenza 2.3 Il-kollaborazzjoni permezz tat-teknolo\u0121iji di\u0121itali
\nE\u017cempju 85: \u201cjaf ju\u017ca g\u0127odod di\u0121itali biex jiffa\u010bilita u jtejjeb il-pro\u010bessi kollaborattivi, pere\u017cempju permezz ta \u2019bordijiet vi\u017civi kondivi\u017ci u kanvas di\u0121itali (e\u017c. mural, Miro, Padlet)\u201d
\n\u017bona 4. Kompetenza tas-sikurezza
\n4.2 Il-protezzjoni tad-data personali u l-privatezza, l-attitudnijiet
\nE\u017cempju 188: \u201ckunfidenti li jwettqu tran\u017cazzjonijiet onlajn wara li jie\u0127du mi\u017curi xierqa ta \u2019sikurezza\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Dig_Comp_Competence_Areas_explained\"
\nFigura 1. L-istruttura tal-oqsma ta \u2019kompetenza u l-kompetenzi fil-qafas tad-DigComp tal-UE g\u0127all-kompetenza di\u0121itali<\/p>\n

Oqsma ta \u2019kompetenza fil-Qafas tad-DigComp tal-UE<\/p>\n

Peress li DigComp huwa indirizzat g\u0127all-kompetenza di\u0121itali ta\u010b-\u010bittadini \u0121enerali, hemm mudelli komplementari o\u0127ra ffukati fuq kuntesti o\u0127ra (e\u017c., l-edukazzjoni) li jistg\u0127u jikkontribwixxu g\u0127all-a\u0127jar implimentazzjoni u \u017cvilupp tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali fl-UE. Pere\u017cempju, DigCompEdu (Redecker u Punie, 2017) jag\u0127ti dettalji dwar 22 kompetenza organizzati f \u2019sitt oqsma, mhux iffukati fuq il-\u0127iliet tekni\u010bi i\u017cda fuq kif it-teknolo\u0121iji di\u0121itali jistg\u0127u jintu\u017caw biex itejbu u jinnovaw l-edukazzjoni u t-ta\u0127ri\u0121. Hemm ukoll ver\u017cjoni msemmija b\u0127ala DigCompOrg (Kampylis et al., 2015) b \u2019seba\u2019 elementi ewlenin u 15-il sottoelement ma\u0127suba b\u0127ala qafas kun\u010bettwali komprensiv u \u0121eneriku li jirrifletti l-aspetti kollha tal-pro\u010bess tal-integrazzjoni sistematika tat-tag\u0127lim di\u0121itali fl-organizzazzjonijiet edukattivi. Dan il-qafas huwa kkumplimentat minn SELFIE (L-awtoriflessjoni dwar it-tag\u0127lim effettiv bit-trawwim tal-u\u017cu ta \u2019teknolo\u0121iji edukattivi innovattivi).<\/p>\n

G\u0127alkemm g\u0127adna pendenti qafas solidu \u010bar ta \u2019kompetenza di\u0121itali g\u0127as-suq tax-xog\u0127ol, nistg\u0127u nsibu xi ka\u017cijiet preliminari ta\u2019 u\u017cu tad-DigComp g\u0127all-impjiegi fi (Kluzer et al., 2020). E\u017cempju ie\u0127or huwa l-pro\u0121ett EU4D li \u0127oloq ukoll qafas ta \u2019kompetenza di\u0121itali g\u0127all-SMEs li jg\u0127aqqad id-DigComp u l-Istandard EN16234-1:2019 (CEN, 2019) g\u0127all-promozzjoni tal-eSkills g\u0127all-Istati tas-S\u0127ubija Ewropea tal-Lvant.<\/p>\n

DigComp kellu influwenza u impatt fuq oqfsa Ewropej rilevanti o\u0127ra u mudell ta \u2019referenza g\u0127all-impjiegi u l-edukazzjoni, pere\u017cempju: l-Istandard e-CF EN16234-1:2019 (CEN, 2019) inkluda Anness biex jispjega x-xebh u d-differenzi possibbli mieg\u0127u. Barra minn hekk, \u0127afna inizjattivi u mudelli lokali dwar il-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali u\u017caw id-DigComp b\u0127ala l-ba\u017ci inizjali g\u0127all-i\u017cvilupp u l-attivitajiet tag\u0127hom: (Kluzer u Pujol Priego, 2018) turi katalogu tajjeb minnhom.<\/p>\n

Il-valutazzjoni tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali<\/strong>
\nMin\u0127abba r-rilevanza tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali g\u0127al \u0127afna aspetti tal-\u0127ajja u tax-xog\u0127ol, mhuwiex importanti biss li ji\u0121i promoss l-i\u017cvilupp tag\u0127hom fil-kuntesti kollha (e\u017c., edukazzjoni, suq tax-xog\u0127ol, tag\u0127lim tul il-\u0127ajja, e\u010b\u010b.). It-ta\u0127ri\u0121 u t-ta\u0127ri\u0121 tal-\u0127iliet ma jistg\u0127ux jg\u0127inu jekk ma jkollniex metodi g\u0127all-valutazzjoni tal-kompetenza di\u0121itali u, fl-a\u0127\u0127ar mill-a\u0127\u0127ar, biex inkunu nafu l-\u0127ila reali ta \u2019persuna li tapplika l-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali fil-prattika. Je\u017cistu oqfsa u mudelli tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali, i\u017cda dawn g\u0127adhom \u2019il bog\u0127od milli jkunu mifruxa u \u010bari fil-prattika \u2013 u l-i\u017cvilupp ta\u2019 metodi ta \u2019valutazzjoni biex ji\u0121u ttestjati l-\u0127iliet ma kienx rilevanti daqs kemm kellu jkun. Je\u0127tie\u0121 li nag\u0127mlu distinzjoni bejn il-valutazzjoni tal-\u0127iliet jew il-mekkani\u017cmi ta \u2019awtoevalwazzjoni g\u0127all-individwi, u l-u\u017cu ta\u2019 indikaturi \u0121enerali biex jirrappre\u017centaw il-kisba ta \u2019\u0127iliet di\u0121itali g\u0127al popolazzjonijiet u pajji\u017ci kbar.<\/p>\n

Valutazzjoni tal-\u0127iliet g\u0127all-individwi<\/strong>
\nDi\u0121a \u2019nistg\u0127u nsibu numru sabi\u0127 ta\u2019 proposti ta \u2019metodi u skemi ta\u2019 metodi ta \u2019assessjar g\u0127all-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali f\u2019 livelli differenti. Il-panorama tista \u2019tkun ta\u2019 konfu\u017cjoni u diffi\u010bli biex titqabbel u tinftiehem, peress li \u0127afna mill-g\u0127a\u017cliet ma ddefinixxewx b \u2019mod \u010bar il-pedamenti tag\u0127hom u pprovdew dettalji biex jiddependu fuq il-\u0127ila tag\u0127hom li jivvalutaw il-kompetenza di\u0121itali reali ta\u2019 persuna.<\/p>\n

Lo\u0121ikament, DigComp iservi b\u0127ala ba\u017ci g\u0127al g\u0127odod u metodi differenti g\u0127all-valutazzjoni. Dawn spiss jidhru b\u0127ala g\u0127odod ta \u2019awtovalutazzjoni b\u0127al DigCompsat (Clifford et al., 2020). L-appro\u010b\u010b tag\u0127ha \u201cmhuwiex ma\u0127sub biex ikejjel il-kompetenza di\u0121itali attwali tal-utenti fid-dawl ta\u010b-\u010bertifikazzjoni tag\u0127ha jew skopijiet simili\u201d. Pere\u017cempju, l-g\u0127odda titlob lill-utenti jiddikjaraw fuq skala l-\u0127ila per\u010bepita tag\u0127hom li jwettqu xi azzjonijiet, e\u017c., \u201cnaf nibg\u0127at, inwie\u0121eb u ng\u0127addi l-emails\u201d, il-grad ta \u2019g\u0127arfien f\u2019 xi aspetti, e\u017c., \u201cnaf dwar g\u0127odod di\u0121itali li jistg\u0127u jg\u0127inu lill-anzjani jew lill-persuni bi b\u017connijiet spe\u010bjali\u201d jew sa\u0127ansitra l-grad ta \u2019aderenza g\u0127al xi attitudnijiet, e\u017c., \u201cMeta niffa\u010b\u010bja problema teknika, nipprova pass pass nidentifika l-problema\u201d.<\/p>\n

G\u0127odda o\u0127ra hija Test your digital skills!, \u017cviluppata abba\u017ci ta \u2019inizjattiva mill-Kummissjoni Ewropea, u ospitata fuq il-Pjattaforma g\u0127all-\u0127iliet u l-Impjiegi di\u0121itali. G\u0127al darb\u2019 o\u0127ra, din ta\u0127dem b\u0127ala g\u0127odda ta \u2019awtovalutazzjoni g\u0127all-kompetenza di\u0121itali ta\u2019 dak li jkun, i\u017cda toffri wkoll firxa ta \u2019karatteristi\u010bi addizzjonali:<\/p>\n

L-g\u0127odda titlob dwar xi data min-na\u0127a tal-utent relatata mal-edukazzjoni u l-okkupazzjoni tag\u0127hom biex tipprovdi xi gwida addizzjonali fi tmiem it-test, mhux biss li tenfasizza l-livell miksub f \u2019kull wie\u0127ed mill-oqsma tad-DigComp, i\u017cda wkoll li tissu\u0121\u0121erixxi mog\u0127dijiet ta\u2019 tag\u0127lim biex jinbena aktar g\u0127arfien u jittejbu l-kompetenzi.
\nB\u0127al g\u0127odod o\u0127ra, din fiha mistoqsijiet ibba\u017cati fuq l-g\u0127arfien, il-\u0127iliet, l-azzjonijiet jew id-drawwiet kif per\u010bepiti mill-utent, b\u0127al \u201cnaf nikkopja u n\u010baqlaq fajls\u201d li jwie\u0121bu fi skala ta \u2019kapa\u010bita jew awtonomija g\u0127al kull ka\u017c.
\nI\u017cda tinkludi wkoll mistoqsijiet tipi\u010bi ta \u2019g\u0127a\u017cla multipla tat-test bi \u017cmien limitat biex wie\u0127ed iwie\u0121eb, filwaqt li ji\u0121i \u010b\u010bekkjat l-g\u0127arfien dwar kun\u010betti di\u0121itali tipi\u010bi: e\u017c., \u201cX\u2019 inhu l-iskop tal-g\u0127odda Eraser? \u201cjew \u201ckemm hemm \u010bifri f\u2019 kodi\u010bi PUK?\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hemm \u0127afna g\u0127odod ta \u2019awtovalutazzjoni allinjati mad-DigComp \u017cviluppati minn inizjattivi lokali jew nazzjonali u ta\u2019 spiss b\u0127ala ri\u017cultat ta \u2019pro\u0121etti ffinanzjati mill-UE ta\u0127t programmi b\u0127al Erasmus +. Naturalment, hemm g\u0127odod o\u0127ra ispirati f \u2019mudelli o\u0127ra jew sempli\u010biment bl-ebda rabta \u010bara ma\u2019 mudelli jew oqfsa e\u017cistenti ta \u2019\u0127iliet di\u0121itali \u0121enerali.<\/p>\n

Fil-ka\u017c tal-\u0127iliet professjonali tal-ICT, l-i\u017cvilupp ta \u2019g\u0127odod \u0121enerali ta\u2019 awtovalutazzjoni huwa aktar diffi\u010bli u inqas effettiv peress li l-varjeta \u2019enormi u s-sofistikazzjoni tas-su\u0121\u0121etti jirrakkomandaw li ssir enfasi f\u2019 qasam spe\u010bifiku f \u2019kull ka\u017c. Madankollu, l-e\u017cistenza tal-Qafas ta \u2019kompetenza elettronika (standard EN16234-1) tippermetti x-xog\u0127ol b\u2019 livell g\u0127oli \u0121enerali ta \u2019kompetenzi elettroni\u010bi applikabbli g\u0127all-qasam kollu tal-professjoni tal-ICT. Implimentazzjoni rilevanti wa\u0127da ta \u2019din l-idea hija l-g\u0127odda ta\u2019 awtovalutazzjoni e-CF Explorer fejn l-ispe\u010bjalisti tal-ICT jistg\u0127u ji\u0121\u0121eneraw profil tal-kompetenzi elettroni\u010bi tag\u0127hom permezz ta \u2019kwestjonarju ta\u2019 awtovalutazzjoni u jqabblu r-ri\u017cultat ma \u2019wie\u0127ed mill-profil rakkomandat predefinit g\u0127al rwoli professjonali komuni tal-ICT.<\/p>\n

Indikaturi \u0121enerali tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali g\u0127al popolazzjonijiet kbar<\/strong>
\nFuq livell ta \u2019politika \u0121enerali u og\u0127la, l-UE g\u0127andha d-DESI (l-Indi\u010bi tal-ekonomija u s-So\u010bjeta di\u0121itali), li ji\u0121bor fil-qosor l-indikaturi dwar il-prestazzjoni di\u0121itali tal-Ewropa u jsegwi l-progress tal-Istati Membri tal-UE f\u2019 oqsma partikolari, li wie\u0127ed minnhom huwa ri\u017cervat g\u0127all-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali. Sa mill-bidu tieg\u0127u fl-2014, id-DESI jkopri erba \u2019oqsma ewlenin tal-progress di\u0121itali (Il-kapital uman, il-konnettivita\u2019, l-integrazzjoni tat-teknolo\u0121ija di\u0121itali u s-Servizzi pubbli\u010bi di\u0121itali). L-ewwel qasam ji\u0121bor l-informazzjoni relatata mal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali l-ewwel meta wie\u0127ed iqis il-\u0127iliet tal-utenti tal-internet (1a) li jidentifikaw individwu b \u2019, mill-inqas, \u0127iliet di\u0121itali ba\u017ci\u010bi, dawk b\u2019 \u0127iliet di\u0121itali ba\u017ci\u010bi og\u0127la u dawk b \u2019, mill-inqas, \u0127iliet ba\u017ci\u010bi tas-software. F \u2019dan l-ewwel qasam, hemm ukoll indikaturi dwar il-\u0127iliet avvanzati u l-i\u017cvilupp (1b) li jg\u0127oddu n-numri ta\u2019 spe\u010bjalisti fl-ICT, kemm minnhom huma professjonisti nisa, in-numru ta \u2019intrapri\u017ci li jipprovdu ta\u0127ri\u0121 fl-ICT u n-numru ta\u2019 gradwati fl-ICT.<\/p>\n

Il-ba\u017ci tal-metodolo\u0121ija g\u0127all-parti 1a huwa st\u0127arri\u0121 li\u010b-\u010bittadini (st\u0127arri\u0121 tal-Unjoni Ewropea dwar l-u\u017cu tal-ICT fid-djar u mill-individwi) li jistaqsi dwar l-g\u0127add ta \u2019attivitajiet imwettqa matul it-3 xhur pre\u010bedenti f\u2019 erba\u2019 dimensjonijiet: informazzjoni, komunikazzjoni, soluzzjoni ta \u2019problemi u softwer g\u0127all-\u0127olqien ta\u2019 kontenut. B\u0127ala e\u017cempju ta \u2019mistoqsijiet, i\u010b-\u010bittadini mist\u0127arr\u0121a jiddikjaraw kemm ju\u017caw l-internet ta\u2019 spiss (kuljum, darba fil-\u0121img\u0127a, darba fl-a\u0127\u0127ar tliet xhur) jew jekk ordnaw o\u0121\u0121etti jew servizzi fuq l-internet g\u0127al u\u017cu privat fit-12-il xahar pre\u010bedenti. Il-Parti 1B hija bba\u017cata fuq st\u0127arri\u0121 u rapporti mis-suq tax-xog\u0127ol u l-edukazzjoni. Ir-rapporti annwali tad-DESI jintu\u017caw minn dawk li jfasslu l-politika u mill-partijiet ikkon\u010bernati fl-edukazzjoni u f\u2019 oqsma o\u0127ra biex jimmonitorjaw l-evoluzzjoni tal-kwalifika tal-popolazzjoni fil-\u0127iliet u fil-kompetenzi di\u0121itali (ara l-Figura 2 – Rapport dwar l-evoluzzjoni tal-\u0127iliet di\u0121itali fir-Rapport dwar id-DESI 2018-2022 hawn ta\u0127t).<\/p>\n

L-a\u0127\u0127ar rapport tad-DESI (il-Kummissjoni Ewropea, 2022) juri li per\u010bentwali g\u0127oljin ta \u2019individwi ta\u0127t l-54 sena b\u2019 mill-inqas \u0127iliet ba\u017ci\u010bi (li jvarjaw minn 55% sa 71% skont l-eta \u2019) filwaqt li dawk aktar anzjani (\u2019 il fuq minn 65 sena., 25%), irtirati u inattivi (29%) u dawk ming\u0127ajr edukazzjoni formali jew b\u2019 edukazzjoni formali baxxa (32%) g\u0127andhom l-inqas per\u010bentwali. Il-medja g\u0127all-UE hija ta \u201953.9%. Barra minn hekk, 26% tal-individwi g\u0127andhom aktar minn \u0127iliet di\u0121itali ba\u017ci\u010bi.<\/p>\n

Graph from DESI 2022 showing the evolution of digital skills from 2018 to 2022<\/p>\n

\"DESI_2022_extract\"
\nFigure 2. Report on the evolution of digital skills in the DESI Report 2018 – 2022. Source: Digital Economy and Society Index 2022, Human Capital<\/p>\n

Certification of digital skills<\/strong>
\nAlthough these tools are relevant and popular and contribute to the awareness of the concept of digital skills and the different competences covered by DigComp, it is necessary to have a mechanism to effectively assess the digital skills of people. Different studies have shown that the perception of digital skills by an individual, and the reality in practice did not match, with routinary overestimation of abilities. Even the Certification as basis for independent and objectively credentialing digital skills in a valid way for third parties is an essential element for the development of digital skills in all contexts.<\/p>\n

In the case of Europe, the certification of general digital skills still appears muddled when compared with the case of language supported by CEFRL, commented above. There is a variety of digital skills training and certification opportunities offered by various organisations and governments, although few with relevant numbers of activity, i.e., millions of certificates (e.g., ICDL, Microsoft MOS, etc.). These certifications work in different way than the self-assessment tools mentioned earlier in this paper: they check the identity of candidates and ensure that they do the tasks and questions of tests independently and without extra help from either somebody, or their notes. Instead of questions on habits or knowledge, the tests also requests users\u2019 answers on systematic questions on knowledge (usually framed as multiple-choice questions) in terms of some tasks taking place directly in the real computer environment where the system checks if the result is correct: e.g., \u201cunderline the word \u201cxxx\u201d in the given text\u201d, \u201crecover a deleted file from the recycle bin\u201d, “set a password for a file”, etc.<\/p>\n

However, it is difficult to establish an easily recognisable qualification or certificate, massively adopted de facto in the job market or in education. This is the reason why the Digital Education Action Plan 2021-2027 included as Action 9 to \u201cDevelop a European Digital Skills Certificate (EDSC) that may be recognised and accepted by governments, employers and other stakeholders across Europe\u201d. In February 2022, the European Commission launched a tender for a feasibility study exploring scenarios for the European Digital Skills Certificate (EDSC) with relevant conclusions expected towards the end of 2023 that will serve to better define a viable solution for this EDSC, probably ranging from mapping existing certifications to DigComp up to even develop a new option.<\/p>\n

If we refer to certification of advanced digital skills and the ones for ICT professionals, the scenario looks a bit differently. There is a huge number of certifications already in the market: some unofficial non-exhaustive catalogues have identified more than 1,300 from more than 160 different providers. There are two main types of ICT professional certifications: the ones from technology vendors (e.g., Microsoft, CISCO, Oracle, etc.) that serve as main qualifications of capability of use of their tools and technology and the ones from independent entities (e.g., ISACA for IT security certifications, AXELOS on ITIL service management, etc.), focused on international methodologies, models, best practices or standards. There are many levels of exigence for earning certifications, from beginners\u2019 level, containing simple tests to more advanced, experts\u2019 certifications with tests, practical exercises, and review of CV \u2013 or in some cases, even with interviews. Some of them also require a regular maintenance. As shown in studies (Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda and Fern\u00e1ndez-Sanz, 2007), ICT certifications represent a possible interesting option for entering the ICT professional world for those without a strong training or educational background in ICT; they also serve to enhance the specialisation of ICT graduates.<\/p>\n

Looking to the future of digital skills and the EU Digital Decade<\/strong>
\nDigital skills have become essential for everybody in daily life, at work and in education. Although digital technology is not available to a large percentage of population, digital skills have not progressed at the same pace of access to devices, networks or application. Given the importance of digital transformation for Society and economy, the European Commission launched in 2021 the initiative of the Digital Decade to \u201cempower businesses and people in a human-centred, sustainable and more prosperous digital future\u201d with relevant targets with the horizon of 2030. There are two targets on skills: minimum of 80% of population with basic digital skills and 20 million of ICT specialists. We have seen along this document how both aspects are already supported by the existence of common frameworks that define details and guide the actions: DigComp and e-Competence Framework (standard EN16234). Both references are regularly updated to follow the fast evolution of technology and digital world.<\/p>\n

If the need of digital skills is present in most of the personal and professional activities at present time, studies are forecasting a continuous growth in demand of digital skills for employment and professional career, putting digital literacy at the core of transversal skills (OECD, 2021). Even more aspects of specialised domains in ICT are pouring slowly but continuously into the pot of digital skills for citizens as the last version 2.2 of DigComp has showed with the inclusion of references to Artificial Intelligence. As we have commented before, although progressing and making efforts to expand digitisation and qualification in digital skills, the indicators in Europe are still far from what the EU requires for a prosper digital future. So, digital reskilling and upskilling with clear strategies of life-long learning will be the prominent trend from now.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"template":"","class_list":["post-9486","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive - Malta Digital Innovation Authority<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"mt_MT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive - Malta Digital Innovation Authority\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Id-dinja di\u0121itali di\u0121\u00e0 tg\u0127addi minn bosta aspetti tal-\u0127ajja tag\u0127na ta\u2019 kuljum. A\u0127na nu\u017caw magni tat-tiftix biex insiru nafu r-ri\u017cultat ta\u2019 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Malta Digital Innovation Authority\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ESkillsMalta\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-10T09:20:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1366\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@eSkills_Malta\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"21 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/\",\"name\":\"\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive - Malta Digital Innovation Authority\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-29T12:24:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-10T09:20:28+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"mt-MT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"mt-MT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp\",\"width\":2048,\"height\":1366,\"caption\":\"Digital Skills a deep-dive\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/\",\"name\":\"Malta Digital Innovation Authority\",\"description\":\"LISP\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"mt-MT\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#organization\",\"name\":\"eSkills Malta Foundation\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"mt-MT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eskills-Foundation-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eskills-Foundation-logo.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":217,\"caption\":\"eSkills Malta Foundation\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ESkillsMalta\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/eSkills_Malta\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive - Malta Digital Innovation Authority","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/","og_locale":"mt_MT","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive - Malta Digital Innovation Authority","og_description":"Id-dinja di\u0121itali di\u0121\u00e0 tg\u0127addi minn bosta aspetti tal-\u0127ajja tag\u0127na ta\u2019 kuljum. A\u0127na nu\u017caw magni tat-tiftix biex insiru nafu r-ri\u017cultat ta\u2019 […]","og_url":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/","og_site_name":"Malta Digital Innovation Authority","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ESkillsMalta","article_modified_time":"2024-06-10T09:20:28+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2048,"height":1366,"url":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@eSkills_Malta","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"21 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/","url":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/","name":"\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive - Malta Digital Innovation Authority","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp","datePublished":"2023-08-29T12:24:34+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-10T09:20:28+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"mt-MT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"mt-MT","@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp","width":2048,"height":1366,"caption":"Digital Skills a deep-dive"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article","item":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/article\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u0126iliet Di\u0121itali: a Deep-dive"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#website","url":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/","name":"Malta Digital Innovation Authority","description":"LISP","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"mt-MT"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#organization","name":"eSkills Malta Foundation","url":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"mt-MT","@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eskills-Foundation-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eskills-Foundation-logo.jpg","width":500,"height":217,"caption":"eSkills Malta Foundation"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ESkillsMalta","https:\/\/x.com\/eSkills_Malta"]}]}},"acf":{"digital_skill_level":["basic"],"digital_technology":["http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/uxp\/437655"],"geographic_scope":[{"value":"http:\/\/publications.europa.eu\/resource\/authority\/country\/AUT","label":"Austria"},{"value":"http:\/\/publications.europa.eu\/resource\/authority\/country\/BEL","label":"Belgium"},{"value":"http:\/\/publications.europa.eu\/resource\/authority\/country\/BGR","label":"Bulgaria"},{"value":"http:\/\/publications.europa.eu\/resource\/authority\/country\/CYP","label":"Cyprus"}],"initiative_type":"eu_institutional_initiative","image":{"ID":8424,"id":8424,"title":"Digital Skills a deep-dive","filename":"Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp","filesize":182203,"url":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp","link":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/mt\/article\/hiliet-digitali-adeep-dive\/digital-skills-a-deep-dive-2\/","alt":"Digital Skills a deep-dive","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"digital-skills-a-deep-dive-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":9486,"date":"2024-04-10 12:20:14","modified":"2024-06-10 09:18:50","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":2048,"height":1366,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-150x150.webp","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-1199x800.webp","medium-width":1199,"medium-height":800,"medium_large":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-768x512.webp","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-1535x1024.webp","large-width":1535,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-1536x1025.webp","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1025,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Digital-Skills-a-deep-dive-jpeg.webp","2048x2048-width":2048,"2048x2048-height":1366}},"publish_in_core_platform":false,"author":"","link":"https:\/\/digital-skills-jobs.europa.eu\/en\/latest\/briefs\/digital-skills-deep-dive","link_text":"","link_type":"organization_url"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles\/9486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalskills.mdia.gov.mt\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}